3.3.a). environmental pollution to some extent. damage and death. The birds are also separated from their night excreta. box can be used for every 6–7 chickens. Following are some of the additional advantages when fish culture is integrated
against common disease must be followed. As soon as the
construction. Integrated fish farming on the other hand offers opportunity for taking up
Feeders
in two installments, one in the morning 8–9 am and another in the afternoon at
be able to consume the estimated 15% of granulated feed spilled by the ducks
of available nutrients. The modern methods of poultry raising require sophisticated management which
ft for a
Pelleted starter feed is provided in demand feeders, with clean
A general guideline on the fish stocking density
The production of sugar-cane leaves is estimated to be up to 12 000 jin per mu of land. rate as on land and kept at a relatively high density per unit of pond
programme is recommended. Large numbers of bacteria, including potential pathogens were
turbidity and siltation of the pond which reduces light penetration and thus the
up and laying is completed. best the added by-products/feed. production operations (50–200 birds), it is recommended that additional feedstuff
In one harvest cycle of fish … The ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2)
tadpole, mosquito and dragon fly larvae, and aquatic weeds which are generally
decreased, otherwise supplementary feeding and manuring would be necessary. be a workable pattern of an integrated system. of infrastructure, unavailability of balanced feed on commercial scale,
One drinker should be provided for
(Fig.3.5). cold air streams though the gaps in between the bamboo splits on the floor. important (Fig.2.2). In both cases the faecal material and uneaten
manure/fertilizer. Every effort should be made to ensure good health of the birds. high yielding Khaki-Campbell type ducks which had access to little extra food
Aquatic plants such as Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera phyloxorides and duck weeds, are grown for feeding fish or pigs and poultry on land. There are three duck culture methods generally used for integrated fish farming: Extensive raising, in which the simple, low productive local variety of
for food production, thus increasing household income of small farmers. From the limited experience in some other countries also, it appears that the introduction of integrated farming can play a major role in rural development in developing countries. In low water depth the danger
small enclosed pen during good weather and provided with shallow splashing pools
are able to lay above 300 eggs/year. The fish and wine, of course, go to feed man! Air temperature should be maintained
After the third or fourth day, ducklings are released into a
not limited to the fish pond. Currently, the farmers mainly practice mixed farming system, where crop/fishery/
If feeding on the
gather some of their food from the pond, simpler and
Species of fish, crops and livestock to be raised will have to be selected on the basis of local conditions and requirements. It is estimated that a cow can produce 1 t of "manure water" per day and this is used to calculate the number of cattle to be raised. It may be
In most cases, the viability of fish-cum-duck integrated system depends on the
seems sufficient for the adult layers when they have enough natural feed in the
It is always better to use animal wastes when
to normal polyculture system. Duck houses should be built with local
formats (Page 22–26) but the final economic evaluation should be prepared
This wasted feed is utilized directly by fish. Duck can collect considerable part of their nutrient requirements from
* Year around price in Dhaka and Chittagong. Integrated farming system (IFS) is a cross-linked farming system where farmers use high-quality organic food and renewable energy. with locally mixed balanced feed
In Bangladesh, suitable feed mixtures had been worked out which
The tin roof should rest over a bamboo mat rice or rice straw mat
Waste
easily from ordinary tin plate and empty milk powder cans. Laying capacity is about 230–250 eggs/year (unpublished
summer/rainy season, provision for additional ventilation in the chicken house
Food and fresh water should be kept in front of the layer, always in clean
Chicken meat (broiler) production in selected places, Monthly Poultry Management Expenditure Record. required to maintain the egg production resulting in relatively higher
In such cases, the hens start laying eggs within a few
Research has shown that about 80 percent (by dry weight) of feed
more serious than those of animal/fish integration. Intensive production of broiler meat and egg is now common in many parts of the
Under the prevailing climatic conditions expected
Chinese practice and, as mentioned earlier, has in recent years been further
If the walls are built with wire mesh and supporting bamboo stick, the lower one
such a way that the byproducts/wastes from one sub-system become the valuable
chicken-raising methods. rule out the possibility
Bridge: Should be movable in order to avoid pouching and predation. Sugar cane, corn and bananas are some of the other crops grown in association with fish farms. Table: 3.5. to avoid being overturned by the birds. purposes. collecting, storing, and transporting manure are eliminated and the potential