Juveniles are similar to adults except their upperpart feathers have pale fringes. The eagle has a dark face and a creamy-brown nape and crown. [3] Eagle pairs sometimes hunt troops of monkeys cooperatively, with one bird perching nearby to distract the primates, allowing the other to swoop in from behind, hopefully unnoticed, for the kill. Like most eagles, the Philippine eagle is monogamous. The Philippine eagle was known initially as the Philippine monkey-eating eagle because it was believed to feed on monkeys (the only two monkeys native to the Philippines are the Philippine long-tailed macaque and common long-tailed macaque, both subspecies of the long-tailed or crab-eating macaque) almost exclusively; this has proven to be inaccurate. [7] The skin of the bird was sent to William Robert Ogilvie-Grant in London in 1896, who initially showed it off in a local restaurant and described the species a few weeks later. One is still-hunting, in which it watches for prey activity while sitting almost motionlessly on a branch near the canopy. The Philippine eagle is also used in sporting events as a mascot, most notably one in the 2005 Southeast Asian Games held in Manila known as "Gilas". Its elevation ranges from the lowlands to mountains of over 1,800 m (5,900 ft). Additionally, the parents have been observed taking turns shielding the eaglet from the sun and rain until it is seven weeks old. [19] In many of the other large eagle species, the size difference between adult females and males can exceed 20%. Each breeding pair requires a large home range to successfully raise a chick, thus the species is extremely vulnerable to deforestation. A captive Philippine eagle lived for 41 years in Rome Zoo, and it was already adult when it arrived at the zoo. Once paired, a couple remains together for the rest of their lives. It is considered the largest of the extant eagles in the world in terms of length and wing surface, with Steller's sea eagle and the harpy eagle being larger in terms of weight and bulk. In recent years, protected lands have been established specifically for this species, such as the 700 km2 (170,000 acres) of Cabuaya Forest and the 37.2 km2 (9,200 acres) of Taft Forest Wildlife Sanctuary on Samar. Philippine eagles primarily use two hunting techniques. The philippine eagle is distributed around the islands of Philippines. [4][12] Use of the name "Philippine eagle" in preference of "monkey-eating eagle" was the subject of an official government proclamation by the late Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos in 1978. Females can be 10% larger than males. [7] The nest is normally built on an emergent dipterocarp, or any tall tree with an open crown, in primary or disturbed forest. Philippine eagles are found in the Philippines and occur on four major islands: eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. [7] If one dies, the remaining eagle often searches for a new mate to replace the one lost. [3][35] Even nests have no predators other than humans, as even known nest predators such as palm civets and macaques (being prey species) are likely to actively avoid any area with regular eagle activity. [13], A study of the skeletal features in 1919 led to the suggestion that the nearest relative was the harpy eagle. Around 8 to 10 days before the egg-laying, the female Philippine eagle does not eat, drinks lots of water, and holds her wings droopingly. [16], Evolution in the Philippine islands, without other predators, made the eagles the dominant hunter in the Philippine forests. The Southeast Asian country declared it as its national bird and protects this critically-endangered species at all costs, punishing those who are found guilty of killing it with 12 years of imprisonment or with high fines.