The precise management measures adopted for any plant invasion will depend upon factors such as the terrain, the cost and availability of labour, the severity of the infestation and the presence of other invasive species. In Kenya this species was originally introduced in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya such as Baringo. For example, seeds of Prosopis juliflora var. NB- related but different species than P. juliflora. Henderson, L. (2001). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. * Prosopis juliflora ( Spanish : bayahonda blanca ) is a shrub or small tree native to Mexico , South America and the Caribbean . When using any herbicide always read the label first and follow all instructions and safety requirements. It is a beautiful southwestern US native tree that gets unusual mimosa like flowers and unique lacy pinnate green leaves. The fact that there are clear economic uses to this species but severe negative consequences of P. juliflora invasion makes this a conflict of interest species. New integrated systems are being assessed in Australia. Prosopis juliflora Spanish bayahonda blanca is a shrub or small tree native to Mexico , South America and the Caribbean . Its uses include forage , wood and environmental management. World Agroforestry Centre. Up for bid are seeds of Prosopis juliflora. Family: Fabaceae Synonym: Prosopis articulata, Prosopis juliflora var. twice compound leaves with two pairs of branchlets (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), leaves and elongated flower cluster (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), close-up of flowers (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), close-up of elongated leaflets (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), habit (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), infestation (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), older stems with thorns (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS), close-up of seeds (Photo: Steve Hurst at USDA PLANTS Database), young leaves with elongated leaflets (Photo: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS). This is also the famous tree that produces the Mesquite wood that is used for flavoring certain foods. Control is generally best applied to the least infested areas before dense infestations are tackled. Witt pers. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi. Antibacterial effect and MIC of the extract of Prosopis juliflora seed pods Discussion P. juliflora seeds contain nutritional compounds and can be considered as an alternate protein source to protein-energy … Locations within which Prosopis juliflora is naturalised in include parts of Australia, Brazil (outside its native range), Africa, western Asia, Arabia, the Indian Sub-continent and Hawaii. CABI Publishing 2011. www.cabi.org/ISC. We recognise the support from the National Museums of Kenya, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) - Tanzania and Makerere University, Uganda. If prevention is no longer possible, it is best to treat the weed infestations when they are small to prevent them from establishing (early detection and rapid response). Loss of grass cover under canopies may also promote soil erosion. Prosopis juliflora thrives in most soils including; sandy, rocky, poor and saline soils within an altitude range of 300-1900 m above sea level. Although seeds with PY may be long-lived in the desert, we know little about how their seed … It is 10-20 cm long, sweet to taste and contains 10-20 hard oval or elliptic seeds (2.5-7 mm long) that are difficult to extract. The stems are shaped in a "mild zigzag" way with one or two stout thorns at each turn of the stem. Dense stands of P. juliflora can block irrigation channels, obstruct roads and block smaller trails completely affecting access to pasture, croplands, water sources and fishing areas. juliflora (Sw.) DC, Desmanthus salinarum (Vahl) Steud., Mimosa juliflora Sw., Mimosa piliflora Sw., Mimosa salinarum Vahl, Neltuma bakeri Britton & Rose, Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf., Neltuma occidenatlis Britton & Rose, Neltuma occidentalis Britton & Rose, Neltuma pallescens Britton & Rose, Prosopis bracteolata DC., Prosopis cumanensis (Willd.) Crop farmers from Chemonke village, Kenya, have had to seek alternative settlement elsewhere because they have lost their land to P. juliflora invasions, often resulting in conflict with established communities, (Mwangi and Swallow, 2005). Acacia cumanensis Willd., Acacia juliflora (Sw.) Willd., Acacia salinarum (Vahl) DC., Algarobia juliflora (Sw.) Heynh., Algarobia juliflora as defined by George Bentham refers only to the typical variety, Prosopis juliflora var. 3.Weber, E. (2003). Prosopis juliflora reproduces through seeds and multiplies itself through cuttings. The plants are often multi-stemmed and furnished with abundant large and very sharp thorns measuring up to 5 cm. GISD (2010). The tree grows to a height of up to 12 metres (39 ft) and has a trunk with a diameter of up to 1.2 metres (3.9 ft). Impact of Prosopis juliflora on Kenya's semi-arid and arid ecosystems and local livelihoods. Mwangi, E. and Swallow, B. Biodiversity 10: 33-50. The flowers are fragrant golden-yellow, dense spikes about 5-10 cm long. Prosopis juliflora … Surveys of local communities around Lake Baringo revealed that 85-90% of respondents to a questionnaire favoured complete eradication of invasive Prosopis species (Mwangi and Swallow, 2008). velutina Scientific Name: Prosopis velutina Woot. velutina ) were alive after 10 yr of burial in the Sonoran Desert in jars of moist soil ( Tschirley and Martin, 1960 ). www.issg.org/database. where it has deep taproots which help to access sub-surface waters. Prosopis species are salt and drought tolerant with deep roots which tolerate dry as well as waterlogged soils. It has recently dramatically expanded its range and now widespread in Kenya. Once an infestation has established control is very difficult, labour intensive and may not be successful because of regeneration from the soil seed bank and regeneration of trees from cut stems. Consistent follow-up work is required for sustainable management. It has a thick rough grey-green bark that becomes scaly with age. Invasive Plant Species of the World: A Reference Guide to Environmental Weeds. PPR, ARC South Africa. Prosopis juliflora roots were found growing at a depth of 53.3 meters (nearly 175 feet) at an open-pit mine near Tucson , Arizona . Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora). The tree resprouts easily after damage (Weber, 2003). The seeds do contain antinutritional factors, including … (2009) found that 64, 79, and 67% of respondents interviewed in the Garissa, Loiyangalani, and Baringo areas of Kenya, respectively, said that life would be better without Prosopis. The World Database of Legumes online data sheet. Controlling the weed before it seeds will reduce future problems. Description. Accessed March 2011. velutina, Neltuma velutina, Prosopis juliflora var. Negative effects include complete loss of pasture and rangelands for both domestic and wild ruminants, losses due to access to water and the destruction of fishing nets by the thorns, and illness and death of livestock due to eating P. juliflora pods and being pierced by the sharp and stout thorns. Under this act the Minister of Agriculture, can compel land owners who have such declared noxious weeds growing on their land to remove or have it otherwise removed. The tree is deeply rooted. Leaves, are twice-compound (bipinnate) with mostly two, sometimes more pairs of pinnae, 6-8 cm long, 12-25 pairs of oblong leaflets per pinna, 6-16 mm long, 1.5-3.2 mm wide. Over 90% of livestock owners in eastern Sudan regard invasive Prosopis as a liability and pastoralists in Ethiopia refer to Prosopis as the "Devil Tree". domingensis (DC.) CABI Invasive Species Compendium online data sheet. It has been listed as a noxious weed in all Australia states and in Hawaii. Accessed April 2011. More success is likely to come from a programme of integrated management that combines mechanical control with the use of herbicides and fire. BioNET-EAFRINET Regional Coordinator: eafrinet@africaonline.co.ke, Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis or Mesquite), Introduced, naturalised or invasive in East Africa. There will be no coppicing if the root crown is removed but this is very time-consuming. Various Prosopis species have been introduced to Africa over the past 190 years for their beneficial qualities which include erosion control, shade, fuelwood, building materials, and pods for animal and human consumption in arid and semi-arid regions. Prosopis juliflora has been declared a noxious weed in Kenya in 2008 under the Suppression of Noxious Weeds Act (CAP 325). Several insects have been released to control prosopis in Australia including a leaf-tying moth (Evippe species) which is very effective (A.B.R. It is known that the production of P. juliflora pods —“algarobas”— varies widely from one tree to another. The Prosopis juliflora is a species growing in Jamaica which I should be very glad to get seed of". It's known to hold the record for depth of penetration by roots. Prosopis juliflora can be a very aggressive invader and replaces native vegetation and takes over rangelands. It has become established as a weed in Asia , Australia and elsewhere. Prosopis, Mathenge (Kenya), mesquite, algarroba, ironwood eterai (Turkana), Fabaceae (Leguminosae): sub-family Mimosoideae.